TRIGLICERIDI

Trigliceridi,

Hiperlipidemija (povećan broj lipida u krvi) spada u dislipidemije i označava porast ukupnog holesterola i/ili triglicerida sa niskim vrednostima HDL (“dobrog” holesterola) u plazmi. To doprinosi bržem nastanku ateroskleroze. Hiperlipidemija je sama za sebe asimptomatska, ali može da vodi simptomatskim vaskularnim oboljenjima.
Niz epidemioloških ili opservacionih studija pokazao je da je hipertrigliceridemija (povećano stanje triglicerida u krvi) ujutru pre obroka ili nakon obroka uzročni faktor rizika od kardiovaskularnih bolesti (1,2). Teška hipertrigliceridemija uglavnom sadrži hilomikrone (oni prenose trigliceride od creva do jetre, mišićnog tkiva i masnog tkiva) koji dovodi do zapaljenja pankreasa (pankreatitisa) (3).
Multietničko istraživanje ateroskleroze 2015. objavilo je izveštaj o lipoproteinima i incidenci dijabetesa tipa 2. U ovoj grupi, sa etnički raznolikim muškarcima i ženama, indeks rezistencije na insulin, visok VLDL (“loš” holesterol), odnos triglicerida i triglicerida prema HDL povezani su sa incidentnim dijabetesom (4).
U novijem istraživanju (2018.) otkriveno je da trigliceridi blokiraju sposobnost leptina (hormon regulacije apetita) ili insulina da aktiviraju svoje signalne puteve. Dokazano je da trigliceridi brzo prelaze krvno-moždanu barijeru, takodje da se nalaze u cerebrospinalnoj tečnosti čoveka i indukuju centralni otpor leptina i receptora insulina, smanjujući sitost i kogniciju (5).
Gledajući gotovo nestvarnu korekciju (trigliceridi 11,2 -> 1,85) za tako kratak vremenski period (4 nedelje), uticalo se kao što vidite na mnogo aspekata zdravlja, preko samo jednog faktora – triglicerida. Nekako najvažniji je osećaj konstantne sitosti i mogućnosti za lakše funkcionisanje kognitivnih sposobnosti – mišljenje, učenje, pamćenje…! 😊
 
1. Johansen CT, Hegele RA. Using Mendelian randomization to determine causative factors in cardiovascular disease. J Intern Med. 2013 Jan; 273(1):44-7.
2. Jørgensen AB, Frikke-Schmidt R, West AS, Grande P, Nordestgaard BG, Tybjærg-Hansen A. Genetically elevated non-fasting triglycerides and calculated remnant cholesterol as causal risk factors for myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J. 2013 Jun; 34(24):1826-33.
3. Brunzell JD, Schrott HG. The interaction of familial and secondary causes of hypertriglyceridemia: role in pancreatitis. J Clin Lipidol. 2012 Sep-Oct; 6(5):409-12.
4. Mackey RH, Mora S, Bertoni AG,et al.Lipoprotein particles and incident type2 diabetes in the multiethnic study of atherosclerosis. Diabetes Care 2015;38:628–636.
5. Banks, W. A., Farr, S. A., Salameh, T. S., Niehoff, M. L., Rhea, E. M., Morley, J. E., … Craft, S. (2017). Triglycerides cross the blood–brain barrier and induce central leptin and insulin receptor resistance. International Journal of Obesity, 42(3), 391–397.

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